I have an ES '53 plate TD4, and it's always needed the ignition turning over for longer then normal before starting cold. Initially I thought it was a glow plug issue which is fairly common on these models, at 70-90k miles there's a tendency for glow plugs to reach end of life.
I tested the plugs, one wasn't working and others were fine. Replaced the non working one - would have done them all if I could get them out but they were pretty seized in there and I drive it daily so didn't have the time to work on them more.
It got slightly better but never went away though, so I'm presuming I also have an injector issue, again not uncommon. When hot it always starts well, when cold I generally turn it over 3 sets of times, a few seconds each, to get it started. Every once in a while I get a perfect start but rare.
Replacing simple parts I'm ok with but messing with injectors is out of my league so it's been left there.
If you're sure no smoke then it's unlikely to be head gasket. Might be worth checking glow plugs, but if would have thought there would be plenty of smoke if it were these. Maybe the fuel isn't getting to engine quick enough, maybe a blockage or fuel pump/ sensor is feeling it's age?
Is it a regular driver or does it get left for long periods?