The car does passive regeneration all the time it can get the temp required in the system, but it is not a complete regeneration process. And needs longer to complete. So a couple of times around the block may not do it. (Suppose that depends how big you block is
but the speed needs to be above 30mph)
If the DPF is nearly full then it should show a message then you really do need to take for a good drive, active regeneration normally happens every 250 miles ish depends how car has been used but it needs a full cycle to do a complete regeneration. Maybe this explains the OP saying a blast does it good, but the city driving soon clogs it up again. But has never completed a full clean drive cycle.
Active regeneration does all sorts of fancy stuff with engine control to get temps way up above normal operating temps.
It can be forced with diagnostics if it is full full. But still needs the drive cycle.
J