Pikey
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The link says it all Car Bibles : The Wheel and Tyre Bible Page 1 of 2
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Raving Ray
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Hi hope u cn help. Have got Disco v8 auto having trouble with seedo sometimes goes off then comes back on on times might stay off 4 couple of days then work ok 4 months Its really annoying Have checked connection on speed sensor Any ideas ???? Many thanxs Ray
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Why are yu posting in redhands thread? Go and post in the disco or v8 forums.
I suggest yu introduce yoself in the intriduction forum and read the stickies in there as to forum protocol.
Hope yu have a thick skin.
I suggest yu introduce yoself in the intriduction forum and read the stickies in there as to forum protocol.
Hope yu have a thick skin.
Pikey
Dummy Ejection Facilitator..
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- in Baron Wet Bum's Slave pit..
Battery Information
Ampere or Amp -- The unit of measurement of current flow. One volt placed across a one ohm resistance will cause a current of one Amp to flow. One amp for one hour is called an "amp-hour" or AH.
Ampere-hour or AH -- A unit of electrical capacity. Tells you how much power the battery will store. Current multiplied by time in hours equals ampere-hours. A current of one amp for one hour would be one amp-hour; a current of 3 amps for 5 hours would be 15 AH CRLF. Battery An Electro-chemical device that stores energy. Consists of one or more cells.
Cycle -- A "cycle" is a somewhat arbitrary term used to describe the process of discharging a fully charged battery down to a particular state of discharge. The term "deep cycle" refers to batteries in which the cycle is from full charge to 80% discharge. A cycle for an automotive battery is about 5%.
Cycle Life -- How many times a battery can be cycled before it reaches the point where it can only be charged up to (usually) 80% of it's original capacity. This depends on how deep the battery is cycled. Cycle life ratings are not commonly published, and in many cases may not have been done, as it can be quite time consuming. A battery with a cycle life of 900 would take 3 years just to test.
Direct Current (DC) --The type of electrical current, which a battery can supply. One terminal is always positive and another is always negative.
Discharge and over discharge -- Discharging is the process of using power from the battery. As power is drawn from the battery, chemical changes take place between the Lead, the acid, and the Lead Sulphate. Charging reverses this chemical change. Next to overcharging, the worst thing for a battery is to remain fully or partly discharged for long periods of time. This causes sulfation, which is a hard Lead Sulphate coating on the plates. Sulfation can reduce battery capacity dramatically.
DOD -- Depth of discharge. How much of the available charge has been used compared to 100%. SOC (state of charge is similar - it is how much is left).
Electrolyte -- The conductive chemical (such as acid), usually fluid or gel, in which the electricity flows within the battery, and which supports the chemical reactions required.
Equalisation (or boost charging) -- Equalisation is a "supercharge" which is applied to the battery at intervals of from 2 to 8 weeks. This charge voltage is about 5-10% higher than the normal float or trickle charge. This ensures that the cells are all equally charged, and in flooded batteries makes sure that the electrolyte is fully mixed by the gas bubbles. Gelled and sealed batteries in general should be equalised at a much lower rate than flooded - usually the final charge cycle on a 3-stage charger is sufficient to equalise all the cells.
Float Charge -- A process when just enough current is supplied to equal the self-discharge of the battery. This is typically about 14.2 volts for a 12 volt battery.
Gassing -- Gassing occurs when more charging current is being fed to the battery than it can use. The excess current produces Hydrogen and Oxygen gases. Some gassing is normal, but excessive gassing can indicate that the batteries are being overcharged. The gases released are explosive if a spark or flame occurs, so adequate ventilation must be provided. This is even more problematic for sealed batteries due to pressure build up. Batteries normally start gassing at about 80-90% of full charge. A common fallacy is that you should stop charging as soon as the battery starts gassing. If you quit charging at that point, you will never get a full charge. Most good quality chargers reduce the current when the battery reaches this point to prevent excess gassing.
Gassing and sealed gel cells -- Gelled cells will withstand much less heavy gassing than AGM or flooded batteries. The gel can develop large bubbles or "pockets", which reduce battery capacity due to poor contact with the plates. It can also cause the gel to dry out from water loss, making these pockets permanent. Gelled batteries are charged at a slightly lower voltage than flooded, 0.1 to 0.3 volts less to avoid over-gassing. Some advertisements and product brochures have stated that gelled cells have a "high" capacity for taking a charge - this is NOT correct, as it is 1/2 to 1/4 the maximum current that a flooded or AGM battery can take.
Hydrometer -- An instrument used to check the specific gravity (strength) of the electrolyte in the battery. Most Lead-Acid batteries will be in the range of 1.1 to 1.3 specific gravity, with most fully charged batteries being about 1.23 to 1.30 (some hydrometers multiply this number by 1000, so 1.23 would read as 1230.)
Low Voltage Cut-off or LVD -- The voltage at which some load controllers and inverters will disconnect from the battery to avoid totally draining the battery. This is usually at about 11 volts for a 12 volt system.
Overcharge -- Overcharging is one of the most destructive elements in battery life (the other is long term undercharging). Most batteries don't die a natural death, they are murdered - usually by overcharging. Overcharging causes the plates to disintegrate and shed. These particles end up on the bottom of the cell. Eventually, the cells will short out, fall apart, break apart, or generally die. Overcharging also increases water loss tremendously, causing even more problems. Gelled cells can be damaged faster than flooded, and flooded can be damaged faster than AGM batteries by overcharging. Water loss is a particular problem with sealed gel cells, as the water cannot be replaced. In some cases, severe overcharging can also cause considerable heat in cheaper batteries with high internal resistance, causing plates to buckle and cases to warp and break. Some poorly designed chargers compound the problem by both overcharging and undercharging.
Parallel Connection -- Batteries connected in parallel means that all the Positive (+) terminals are connected together, and all the Negative (-) terminals are connected together. Batteries wired in parallel supply the same voltage but higher current. The amp-hour ratings add for each battery, but the voltage stays the same. New batteries should not be paralleled with old ones. (See also Series Connection).
Ratings -- Batteries are rated in Ampere Hours (AH). This rating tells you how many amps the battery will put out if discharged over a specified period of time, usually 8 or 20 hours. A 100 AH battery will give you 1 amp for 100 hours, or 100 amps for one hour. AH is a measure of capacity for deep cycle batteries.
Self Discharge -- All batteries "self discharge" if sitting idle, even at no load. The rate can vary with the type of battery and the age. A new AGM deep cycle will self discharge at about 1% a month, while an old battery may be as high as 2% per day.
Series Connection -- Batteries connected in series have the Positive (+) terminal of one battery tied to the Negative (-) terminal of the next battery. Power is taken from the two terminals at the end of the series string. Batteries wired thus supply the same current but higher voltage - for example, four six-volt batteries in series will give 24 volts. The amp-hour rating will be that of the smallest battery if different types are connected
Short Circuit -- A condition in which a short electrical path is unintentionally created. An example would be setting a wrench on top of a battery touching the terminals. Batteries can supply hundreds of amps if short-circuited, melting the wrench, the terminals, and showering sparks and molten metal. This is not a good thing, and may be harmful to people and other living things.
Sulfation -- Even though Lead Sulphate is created in the materials of plates during normal discharging, this term is used to describe the generation of a different form (large crystals) of Lead Sulphate, which will not readily convert back to normal material when the battery is charged. Sulfation occurs when a battery is stored too long in a discharged condition, if it is never fully charged, or if electrolyte has become abnormally low due to excessive water loss from overcharging and/or evaporation. Often sulfation can be corrected by charging very slowly (at low current) at a higher than normal voltage, usually at about 2.4 to 2.5 volts per cell at 1/2 to 8 amps (depending on battery size). This will gradually remove the sulfation in many cases. This term is also often misused to explain almost any battery homicide.
Specific Gravity (SG) -- The measurement used to express electrolyte strength. SG compares the weight of the electrolyte to water, which has a SG of 1.000. SG changes somewhat with temperature, so most hydrometers come with a correction chart. A full charge should be about 1.265 at 77 degrees F (25 degrees C). This changes with temperature. This cannot be measured in sealed batteries. Pure acid has a SG of 1.835. A fully discharged battery will have a SG of about 1.12. SG should not be measured right after water is added as the reading will not be accurate until the electrolyte is fully mixed. This could take hours or days - an equalization charge will speed this up considerably. The SG in many AGM batteries may be as high as 1.365, but there is no practical way to measure it.
Volt -- The unit of measurement of electrical potential or "pressure". Most batteries come in 6, 12, & 24 volt. A single cell is 2 volts.
VPC -- Volts per cell - a six volt battery has 3 cells, a 12 volt has 6. All Lead Acid batteries are 2 volts (nominal) per cell.
Watt -- A term used to measure total power. It is amperes multiplied by volts. 120 volts @ 1 amp is the same as 12 volts @ 10 amps. It is also amps x amps x resistance. One horsepower = about 750 watts. A battery that can supply 220 AH at 12 volts is equal to 2640 watts. Watt-hours or kilowatt-hours (kWh) is how many watts times the number of hours.
Battery Specification Terminology
Several terms are used when discussing the characteristics of batteries. This is important in determining which battery should be used for a particular application. Below is a short description of these characteristics.
Specific Energy
An important factor in determining range. Specific energy is the total amount of energy in (watt-hours or Wh) the battery can store per kilogram of its mass for a specified rate of discharge.
Specific Power Or Power Density
An important factor for determining acceleration. Specific power is the maximum number of watts per kilogram (W/kg) a battery delivers at a specified depth of discharge. Specific power is at its highest when the battery is fully charged. As the battery is discharged the specific power decreases and acceleration decreases also. Specific power is usually measured at 80% depth of discharge.
Energy Density
Refers to the amount of energy a battery has in relation to its size. Energy density is the total amount of energy (in Wh) a battery can store per litre of its volume for a specified rate of discharge. Batteries that have high energy density are smaller.
Amp Hours
Amp hours are a unit of measure for a battery's electrical storage capacity. This is obtained by multiplying the current in amperes by the time in hours of discharge. For example: A battery delivering 5 amperes for 20 hours, delivers 5 amperes X 20 hours = 100 Amp Hr of capacity. Put another way, this rating lets you know how many amps, for how long, you can draw from your battery.
Cycle Life
The total number of times a battery can be discharged and charged during its life. When the battery can no longer hold a charge over 80 percent, its cycle life is considered finished.
Ampere or Amp -- The unit of measurement of current flow. One volt placed across a one ohm resistance will cause a current of one Amp to flow. One amp for one hour is called an "amp-hour" or AH.
Ampere-hour or AH -- A unit of electrical capacity. Tells you how much power the battery will store. Current multiplied by time in hours equals ampere-hours. A current of one amp for one hour would be one amp-hour; a current of 3 amps for 5 hours would be 15 AH CRLF. Battery An Electro-chemical device that stores energy. Consists of one or more cells.
Cycle -- A "cycle" is a somewhat arbitrary term used to describe the process of discharging a fully charged battery down to a particular state of discharge. The term "deep cycle" refers to batteries in which the cycle is from full charge to 80% discharge. A cycle for an automotive battery is about 5%.
Cycle Life -- How many times a battery can be cycled before it reaches the point where it can only be charged up to (usually) 80% of it's original capacity. This depends on how deep the battery is cycled. Cycle life ratings are not commonly published, and in many cases may not have been done, as it can be quite time consuming. A battery with a cycle life of 900 would take 3 years just to test.
Direct Current (DC) --The type of electrical current, which a battery can supply. One terminal is always positive and another is always negative.
Discharge and over discharge -- Discharging is the process of using power from the battery. As power is drawn from the battery, chemical changes take place between the Lead, the acid, and the Lead Sulphate. Charging reverses this chemical change. Next to overcharging, the worst thing for a battery is to remain fully or partly discharged for long periods of time. This causes sulfation, which is a hard Lead Sulphate coating on the plates. Sulfation can reduce battery capacity dramatically.
DOD -- Depth of discharge. How much of the available charge has been used compared to 100%. SOC (state of charge is similar - it is how much is left).
Electrolyte -- The conductive chemical (such as acid), usually fluid or gel, in which the electricity flows within the battery, and which supports the chemical reactions required.
Equalisation (or boost charging) -- Equalisation is a "supercharge" which is applied to the battery at intervals of from 2 to 8 weeks. This charge voltage is about 5-10% higher than the normal float or trickle charge. This ensures that the cells are all equally charged, and in flooded batteries makes sure that the electrolyte is fully mixed by the gas bubbles. Gelled and sealed batteries in general should be equalised at a much lower rate than flooded - usually the final charge cycle on a 3-stage charger is sufficient to equalise all the cells.
Float Charge -- A process when just enough current is supplied to equal the self-discharge of the battery. This is typically about 14.2 volts for a 12 volt battery.
Gassing -- Gassing occurs when more charging current is being fed to the battery than it can use. The excess current produces Hydrogen and Oxygen gases. Some gassing is normal, but excessive gassing can indicate that the batteries are being overcharged. The gases released are explosive if a spark or flame occurs, so adequate ventilation must be provided. This is even more problematic for sealed batteries due to pressure build up. Batteries normally start gassing at about 80-90% of full charge. A common fallacy is that you should stop charging as soon as the battery starts gassing. If you quit charging at that point, you will never get a full charge. Most good quality chargers reduce the current when the battery reaches this point to prevent excess gassing.
Gassing and sealed gel cells -- Gelled cells will withstand much less heavy gassing than AGM or flooded batteries. The gel can develop large bubbles or "pockets", which reduce battery capacity due to poor contact with the plates. It can also cause the gel to dry out from water loss, making these pockets permanent. Gelled batteries are charged at a slightly lower voltage than flooded, 0.1 to 0.3 volts less to avoid over-gassing. Some advertisements and product brochures have stated that gelled cells have a "high" capacity for taking a charge - this is NOT correct, as it is 1/2 to 1/4 the maximum current that a flooded or AGM battery can take.
Hydrometer -- An instrument used to check the specific gravity (strength) of the electrolyte in the battery. Most Lead-Acid batteries will be in the range of 1.1 to 1.3 specific gravity, with most fully charged batteries being about 1.23 to 1.30 (some hydrometers multiply this number by 1000, so 1.23 would read as 1230.)
Low Voltage Cut-off or LVD -- The voltage at which some load controllers and inverters will disconnect from the battery to avoid totally draining the battery. This is usually at about 11 volts for a 12 volt system.
Overcharge -- Overcharging is one of the most destructive elements in battery life (the other is long term undercharging). Most batteries don't die a natural death, they are murdered - usually by overcharging. Overcharging causes the plates to disintegrate and shed. These particles end up on the bottom of the cell. Eventually, the cells will short out, fall apart, break apart, or generally die. Overcharging also increases water loss tremendously, causing even more problems. Gelled cells can be damaged faster than flooded, and flooded can be damaged faster than AGM batteries by overcharging. Water loss is a particular problem with sealed gel cells, as the water cannot be replaced. In some cases, severe overcharging can also cause considerable heat in cheaper batteries with high internal resistance, causing plates to buckle and cases to warp and break. Some poorly designed chargers compound the problem by both overcharging and undercharging.
Parallel Connection -- Batteries connected in parallel means that all the Positive (+) terminals are connected together, and all the Negative (-) terminals are connected together. Batteries wired in parallel supply the same voltage but higher current. The amp-hour ratings add for each battery, but the voltage stays the same. New batteries should not be paralleled with old ones. (See also Series Connection).
Ratings -- Batteries are rated in Ampere Hours (AH). This rating tells you how many amps the battery will put out if discharged over a specified period of time, usually 8 or 20 hours. A 100 AH battery will give you 1 amp for 100 hours, or 100 amps for one hour. AH is a measure of capacity for deep cycle batteries.
Self Discharge -- All batteries "self discharge" if sitting idle, even at no load. The rate can vary with the type of battery and the age. A new AGM deep cycle will self discharge at about 1% a month, while an old battery may be as high as 2% per day.
Series Connection -- Batteries connected in series have the Positive (+) terminal of one battery tied to the Negative (-) terminal of the next battery. Power is taken from the two terminals at the end of the series string. Batteries wired thus supply the same current but higher voltage - for example, four six-volt batteries in series will give 24 volts. The amp-hour rating will be that of the smallest battery if different types are connected
Short Circuit -- A condition in which a short electrical path is unintentionally created. An example would be setting a wrench on top of a battery touching the terminals. Batteries can supply hundreds of amps if short-circuited, melting the wrench, the terminals, and showering sparks and molten metal. This is not a good thing, and may be harmful to people and other living things.
Sulfation -- Even though Lead Sulphate is created in the materials of plates during normal discharging, this term is used to describe the generation of a different form (large crystals) of Lead Sulphate, which will not readily convert back to normal material when the battery is charged. Sulfation occurs when a battery is stored too long in a discharged condition, if it is never fully charged, or if electrolyte has become abnormally low due to excessive water loss from overcharging and/or evaporation. Often sulfation can be corrected by charging very slowly (at low current) at a higher than normal voltage, usually at about 2.4 to 2.5 volts per cell at 1/2 to 8 amps (depending on battery size). This will gradually remove the sulfation in many cases. This term is also often misused to explain almost any battery homicide.
Specific Gravity (SG) -- The measurement used to express electrolyte strength. SG compares the weight of the electrolyte to water, which has a SG of 1.000. SG changes somewhat with temperature, so most hydrometers come with a correction chart. A full charge should be about 1.265 at 77 degrees F (25 degrees C). This changes with temperature. This cannot be measured in sealed batteries. Pure acid has a SG of 1.835. A fully discharged battery will have a SG of about 1.12. SG should not be measured right after water is added as the reading will not be accurate until the electrolyte is fully mixed. This could take hours or days - an equalization charge will speed this up considerably. The SG in many AGM batteries may be as high as 1.365, but there is no practical way to measure it.
Volt -- The unit of measurement of electrical potential or "pressure". Most batteries come in 6, 12, & 24 volt. A single cell is 2 volts.
VPC -- Volts per cell - a six volt battery has 3 cells, a 12 volt has 6. All Lead Acid batteries are 2 volts (nominal) per cell.
Watt -- A term used to measure total power. It is amperes multiplied by volts. 120 volts @ 1 amp is the same as 12 volts @ 10 amps. It is also amps x amps x resistance. One horsepower = about 750 watts. A battery that can supply 220 AH at 12 volts is equal to 2640 watts. Watt-hours or kilowatt-hours (kWh) is how many watts times the number of hours.
Battery Specification Terminology
Several terms are used when discussing the characteristics of batteries. This is important in determining which battery should be used for a particular application. Below is a short description of these characteristics.
Specific Energy
An important factor in determining range. Specific energy is the total amount of energy in (watt-hours or Wh) the battery can store per kilogram of its mass for a specified rate of discharge.
Specific Power Or Power Density
An important factor for determining acceleration. Specific power is the maximum number of watts per kilogram (W/kg) a battery delivers at a specified depth of discharge. Specific power is at its highest when the battery is fully charged. As the battery is discharged the specific power decreases and acceleration decreases also. Specific power is usually measured at 80% depth of discharge.
Energy Density
Refers to the amount of energy a battery has in relation to its size. Energy density is the total amount of energy (in Wh) a battery can store per litre of its volume for a specified rate of discharge. Batteries that have high energy density are smaller.
Amp Hours
Amp hours are a unit of measure for a battery's electrical storage capacity. This is obtained by multiplying the current in amperes by the time in hours of discharge. For example: A battery delivering 5 amperes for 20 hours, delivers 5 amperes X 20 hours = 100 Amp Hr of capacity. Put another way, this rating lets you know how many amps, for how long, you can draw from your battery.
Cycle Life
The total number of times a battery can be discharged and charged during its life. When the battery can no longer hold a charge over 80 percent, its cycle life is considered finished.
Its not there anymore but i found it here:
http://www.esfrs.org/about_us/foi/FOI pdfs/Intervention/landrover_onroad_response.pdf
Cheers Sam
Pikey
Dummy Ejection Facilitator..
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wouldrichest
New Member
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fookin hate to say it but the boot of a disco looks great fer once ....dammit dammit dammit fookin pikey
Pikey
Dummy Ejection Facilitator..
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Fok orf and learn to post. Then fook orf and post somewhere else. this is REDHANDS font of all knowledge, not any fookers font of all knowledge.
Grippa
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at least he dont leave himself signed in to FB 
:bolt:
:bolt:
Pikey
Dummy Ejection Facilitator..
- Posts
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- Location
- in Baron Wet Bum's Slave pit..
Font? FONT? If someone put a font in front of you, you'd wash yer feckin knob in it.
Or peel the Lead liner out of it
Grippa
New Member
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I find the language and behaviour of 'certain' members on this forum to be totally offensive. I mean could we all please stick to the subject matter and stop all this childish banter that spoils the factual information that most of the members require ?
Grippa
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**** up a rope, ****stick.
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oooo a bit shirty(lifter)y tonite int we?
Pikey
Dummy Ejection Facilitator..
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Kiss me ****ty ring piece..
BenG
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I know you are the font of all human knowledge, but the link to the first Greenlane OV2 file for TomTom doesn't work.
Pikey
Dummy Ejection Facilitator..
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I know you are the font of all human knowledge, but the link to the first Greenlane OV2 file for TomTom doesn't work.
And your link points to EBAY?? I think the problem with the original link is that if no one downloads it for 6 months the filehosting site deletes it..
BenG
Active Member
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It must be done automatically by the forum software whenever you type ebay or a keyword to a product that can be found on eBay. Any chance you could re-upload if possible Redhand?
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