Real winter tires are made of a softer rubber and therefore wear down very quickly in warmer weather. But, real winter tires work well on ice too. In the Nordic countries it is a legal requirement to fit winter tires. With good winter tires, any normal 2 wheel drive car will manage fine as long as it does not bottom out and is driven correctly. Studs help on ice but they are noisy.
When living in Scandinavia I never had a problem, even in my rear wheel drive BMW. That had Nokian friction winter tires. Over there people have two sets of wheels... typically alloys with the summer tires and a set of steel wheels with the winter tires. The winter set go on aropund November and come off in March/ April, depending on the weather of course.
One problem with winter tires is that, once they age, the rubber hardens and they lose a lot of their grip. I think after approx. 4 years they should be replaced, possibly a bit more these days.