Nuts are done up. The nut is quite long. If the nuts had a captive end on. You’d use exactly the same amount of thread on the stud. You just wouldn’t be able to see it.

bit of a blurred pic from Google. But here is a factory Disco 2 steel rim on a Disco 2. Using the same factory wheel nuts. You can clearly see the thread is inset the same as how they are mounted on mine. This is how Land Rover would have supplied and fitted these rims.

View attachment 260328

My Disco ones didn't look like that. They still had the alloy covers like standard ones but were smaller.
 
The steel OEM spare on mine is certainly hub centric as you put it. It's a tight fit over the stub.
I don't know about those, I have a fullsize alloy spare. I guess it could be a design effort to allow you to use the alloy wheel nuts.

My rims are aftermarket anyway. 16 x 8's
 

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