No offense pete, but given your mate approached what is perecieved to be a burst hose with a fault code reader, by the sounds of it you and your mate "couldnae put nuts in a monkeys mouth" never mind pass off as amateur mechanics. As such I'd suggest you refrain fromstripping down a modenr complex engine blindly. You're likely to end up with a box of oily metal bits and no idea how to put them back together let alone turn them into a running verion of your currently stricken car. Instead I'd suggest you take direct instructions from the experts in this forum who know these vehicles intimately.
rant over...
The sympoms you describe of your cars lack of power / power deliver scream of a turbo boost pressure leak. The prime candidates for that are the turbo to intercooler and intercooler to inlet manifold hoses. Essentially the engine is making black smoke as its seeing X amount of air going through the air filter via the sensor by the back of the air filter, and prescribing the appropriate ammount of fuel for that ammount of air.
BUT we suspect some of that air is escaping though a leak, so the result is too much fuel for the ammount of air going into the engine so its running rich and making black smoke or rolling coal in american parlance. To solve that....
Look at Artics photos, all the blue hoses are like for like silicone replacements for the factory ones which are made of black rubber. We suggest you check those hoses for damage/leaks. Particularly the ones on the left of this picture:
View attachment 196747
As this is this is a prime candidate for chaffing on the underside of the hose on the top of the engine.
Another place to look is at the turbocharger itself, essentially if you start under the car, and follow the exhaust forward to the engine bay, the exhaust pipe disappears up into the back of the engine bay, where the pipe ends is where it bolts to the turbocharger. On the drivers side of the turbocharger is an unequal L shaped hose, roughly 1+1/2" x 2" if I remember correctly, undo the jubilee clips and remove it for closer inspection, as its also on the list of potential sources of your problems. Prime suspect is the one I've pointed to with the yellow arrow, where that hose is prone to rubbing against the underside of the hose onto an adjacent bit of engine. However... I have seen this unequal L one on the turbo disintegrate.
Essentially these hoses are normal rubber, which disolves in oil, the engines aren't getting any younger, and as such the turbo blows a bit of oil in with the air into the intake system where these hoses are located. Over time that oil contaminaiton weakens the hose causing it to swell/sag/soften to a point where it pops off its fitting / droops down and chaffs against something / weakens and cannot contain the pressure and bursts like a balloon. While they may be a few quid more than a straight like for like rubber replacement, the silicone hoses we are advocating are chemically resistant to the oil, so won't faildue to contat with the inevitable oil in a turbo system.
Sorry if my opening paragraph made me sound like a male genital, but I really don't want you coming back to us in the third week of January saying "got hold of my mechanically minded mate and we stripped it down a bit, but now two of the glow plugs have snapped and I've cracked the rocker cover trying to pry out one of the injectors, whcih btw is still stuck in there". But seeing as you are not clued up, do what we tell you and nothin else, and we will get you back on the road.
In the interim, seeing as its christmas, and you are not driving, drink more beer