Because it's a PRT (Pressure Relief Thermostat) fitted, which contains a pressure valve which is calibrated to open at about 3500 RPM. High engine speed will allow coolant to flow, even if the temperature sensing element hasn't opened. I've seen the pressure spring slacken off over time, causing the PR valve to open earlier than it should. With cold weather, coupled with high engine speed and a slack PR valve spring, over-cooling can occur, which seems to be what you were experiencing.